Lebanon Bologna (Traditional)

This well known American sausage has its roots in the town of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, where it was made by German settlers. Lebanon Bologna is a semi-dry, fermented, heavily smoked, all-beef sausage which is not cooked. The traditional process (no starter cultures) calls for curing beef at 4-6º C (40-43º F) for 10 days.

MeatsMetricUS
beef1000 g2.20 lb.
Ingredients per 1000g (1 kg) of meat
salt28 g5 tsp.
Cure #12.5 g½ tsp.
sugar, 3%30 g6 tsp.
dextrose (glucose), 0.3%3.0 g½ tsp.
pepper3.0 g1½ tsp.
allspice2.0 g1 tsp.
cinnamon2.0 g1 tsp.
cloves, ground1.0 g½ tsp.
ginger0.5 g⅓ tsp.
Instructions
  1. Curing. Grind beef with a large plate (3/4”, 20 mm), mix with salt, Cure #1 and sugar and keep for 10 days at 4-6º C (40-43º F).
  2. Grind cured beef through 1/8 - 3/16” (3-5 mm) plate.
  3. Mix ground meat with all ingredients.
  4. Stuff sausage mix into 40-120 mm casings. Natural beef middles, collagen or fibrous casings. The larger casings are tied and stockinetted or laced with butcher twine for support as this is a large and heavy sausage.
  5. Cold smoke for 4-8 days at < 22º C, 72º F, 85% humidity.
  6. For a drier sausage: dry at 16-12º C (60-54º F), 85-80% humidity.
  7. Store sausages at 10-15º C (50-59º F), < 75% humidity.
Notes

Final pH: around 4.2-4.4, water activity 0.93-0.96, it is a moist sausage but extremely stable due to its low final pH. The sausage is often left for 3 days at 4-6º C (40-43º F) for additional ripening. The sausage was traditionally cold smoked for 7 days in winter months and 4 days in the summer.

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